HISTORY OF MANAGEMENT

Field of management studies from the developing economy in the century ke19.
Classical economic actors such as Adam Smith and John Stuart Mill gives theory of allocation of resources, production and pricing.
At almost the same time, inventors like Eli Whitney, James Watt, Matthew Boulton and develop production techniques such as standardization, quality control procedures, cost accounting, exchange of materials, and planning work.
In the mid-19th century, Robert Owen, Henry Poor, and M. Laughin and others to introduce the human element with theories of training, motivation, organizational structure and control the development of workers.
At the end of the 19th century, marginal economic actors Alfred Marshall and Leon Wairas other and introduce a new layer of complexity theory to management. On 1990an managers try to change their theory of keseleruhan based on science.

The first theory of management that appear around tahun1920 complete. People such as Henry Fayol Church and Alexander explains some of the branch in the management and the relationship to one another.

Peter Drucker wrote a book about the early management applied: "The concept of Corporations" (Concept of the Corporation), published year 1946. This book appears on the idea Alfred Sloan (chairman of GeneralMotors), which assigns research on the organization.

H. Dodge, Ronald Fisher, Thorton C Fry and techniques introduced in statistics to management. In the 1940's, Patrick Blackett statistics combine theory with economic theory, micro-born science research operations. Operations research, often known as "Management Science", the approach tries to solve the problem of science in management, particularly in the areas of logistics and operations.



Facilities management

Man (HR): In the management, the human factor is the most determining.

Human goals and create a human who also make the process to achieve the goal. Without any human being does not have the process work, basically because human beings are working. Therefore, the management of relief

because of the people who work together to achieve the goal.

Money (money): Money is one of the elements that can not be ignored.

Money is a means of exchange and gauge value. The results of activities can be measured from the amount of money circulating in the company. Money is a tool (tools) that are important to achieve the goal because all things must be considered rational. This will be related to how the money should be provided to pay for the salaries of labor, alatalat required and must be purchased and how the results will be achieved from an organization.

Materials (material): The material consists of a half-finished material (raw material) and so. In the business world to achieve better results, than a human expert in the field must also be able to use materials / materimateri as one of the facilities. For the human and material can not be separated, without the material will not achieve the desired results.

Machines (machinery): In the event the company, machines are needed. The use of machines will be easier to bring a profit or a greater efficiency and creating employment.

Methods (method): In the implementation of the work required methods of work. A working procedure that will smooth the way good job. A method can be stated as the determination of how the implementation of a task with a variety of considerations to the target, facilities available and the use of time and money and business activities. Please note, although both methods, while those who do not understand or does not have any experience of the results will not be satisfactory. Thus, the main role in the management still human beings themselves.

Market (market): the product to be sure is very important because if the goods are not manufactured behavior, then the process will stop production of goods. That is, the process will not work in progress. Therefore, control of the market in the sense that production is spread factor in determining the company. So that the market can be the quality and price of goods must be in accordance with consumer tastes and purchasing power (ability) consumers.

Management as a science

Knowledge management is a collection of knowledge that disistemisasi, collected and received the truth. This is evidenced with the scientific method that can be used in any problem solving in management.

Management as an art

Some experts, such as Follet management is considered an art. This is caused by the leadership requires charisma, emotional stability, authority, honesty, ability to establish antaramanusia all that much is determined by talent and hard to be someone.

Management function

Management operates through various functions, are usually classified in the planning, organizing, leadership / motivation and
Planning: deciding what should happen in the future (today, next week, next month, next year, after five years, etc.). And plan to be implemented

Organizing: making maximum use of the resources needed to implement the plan dnegan

Leading / Leadership and motivation: the ability in this area to make the other taking the role in achieving an effective plan

Controlling: monitoring the progress monitoring plan, which may require changes depending on what happens.



Field Management

v Human Resources Management.

v Operations Management or Production

v Management Strategy.

v Management Marketing.

v Financial Management.

v Information Technology Management.